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Subject: Economist.com
Date: Sun, 23 Sep 2001 17:27:31 +1000
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            src=3D"http://www.economist.com/images/blocks/spacer.gif" =
width=3D120>=20
            <BR><IMG alt=3D"" height=3D1=20
            src=3D"http://www.economist.com/images/blocks/spacer.gif"=20
            width=3D126><BR></TD>
          <TD bgColor=3D#ffffff width=3D5><IMG alt=3D"" height=3D1=20
            src=3D"http://www.economist.com/images/blocks/spacer.gif"=20
        width=3D5></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR>
  <TR bgColor=3D#ffffff>
    <TD bgColor=3D#ffffff><IMG alt=3D"" height=3D1=20
      src=3D"http://www.economist.com/images/blocks/black.gif"=20
  width=3D600></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR><FONT color=3D#cc0033=20
face=3D"verdana, geneva, arial, sans serif" size=3D-1><B>The =
causes</B></FONT>=20
<BR><BR><FONT face=3D"verdana, geneva, arial, sans serif" =
size=3D+1><B>The roots of=20
hatred</B><BR></FONT><FONT color=3D#999999 =
face=3D"verdana,geneva,arial,sans serif"=20
size=3D-2>Sep 20th 2001</FONT> <FONT color=3D#999999=20
face=3D"verdana,geneva,arial,sans serif" size=3D-2><BR>From The =
Economist print=20
edition</FONT> <BR><BR><FONT face=3D"verdana,geneva,arial,sans serif"=20
size=3D-1><B>Whatever its mistakes, the idea that America brought the =
onslaught=20
upon itself is absurd</B></FONT><BR>
<TABLE align=3Dright border=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 cellSpacing=3D4 =
width=3D273>
  <TBODY>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dbottom><IMG alt=3DAP border=3D0 height=3D188=20
      src=3D"http://www.economist.com/images/20010922/3801LD2.jpg"=20
width=3D265></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD vAlign=3Dtop>
      <TABLE align=3Dright border=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 cellSpacing=3D2>
        <TBODY>
        <TR>
          <TD align=3Dright vAlign=3Dtop><FONT color=3D#999999=20
            face=3D"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"=20
      size=3D-2>AP</FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
      <P><FONT face=3D"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"=20
  size=3D-1><B></B></FONT></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!--back-->
<P><FONT face=3D"verdana,geneva,arial,sans serif" size=3D-1>WHO is to =
blame? The=20
simple answer&#8212;the suicide attackers, and those behind =
them&#8212;is hardly adequate,=20
just as it would hardly be adequate simply to blame Hitler and his =
henchmen for=20
the second world war, without mentioning the Treaty of Versailles or =
Weimar=20
inflation. But that does not exculpate the perpetrators of last week's=20
onslaught, just as the Versailles treaty does not excuse Auschwitz: =
whatever=20
their grievances, nothing could excuse an attack of such ferocity and =
size. So=20
what explains it? A surprising number of people, and not just gullible =
fanatics=20
looking for someone to hold responsible for the hopelessness of their =
lives,=20
believe that to a greater or lesser extent America has reaped as it=20
sowed.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"verdana,geneva,arial,sans serif" size=3D-1>If this =
charge is to be=20
taken at all seriously, it must first be separated from the general=20
anti-Americanism fashionable in some left-wing circles in Europe, say, =
or even=20
Latin America. It may be reasonable to dislike the death penalty, a =
society so=20
ready to tolerate guns, even the vigour of a culture that finds its =
expression=20
in unpretentious movies and McDonald's hamburgers, but none of these =
could=20
conceivably explain, let alone justify, a single act of terrorism. =
Similarly,=20
though globalisation clearly arouses fury among protesters, and concern =
among=20
some more moderate critics, it would be ridiculous to think that last =
week's=20
attack was prompted by any American antipathy towards welfare payments, =
closed=20
economies or restraints on speculative capital movements.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"verdana,geneva,arial,sans serif" size=3D-1>The charge =
that in=20
politics the United States is arrogant, even hypocritical, may deserve =
more=20
notice. America has recently brushed aside some good international =
agreements=20
(on nuclear testing, for example, a world criminal court, land mines), =
as well=20
as dismissing some bad ones (the Kyoto convention on global warming) =
with an=20
insouciance unbecoming to the world's biggest producer of greenhouse =
gases. Its=20
understandable determination to pursue a missile shield threatens to =
upend the=20
system of deterrence and arms control that has so far saved the world =
from=20
nuclear Armageddon. It has refused to pay its dues to the United =
Nations, even=20
as it has cut its aid for the world's poorest. Its eagerness to =
prosecute=20
African and Balkan war criminals while refusing to allow its own =
nationals to=20
submit to an international court has made it seem unwilling to hold =
itself to=20
the standards it imposes on others. </FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"verdana,geneva,arial,sans serif" size=3D-1>Were these =
actions=20
unwise? Possibly. Have they caused resentment? Yes. But could that =
resentment=20
plausibly have motivated a single one of last week's suicide attackers?=20
No.</FONT></P><BR clear=3Dall>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"verdana, geneva, arial, sans serif"><B><A=20
name=3Dthe_seeds_of_discord>The seeds of discord</A></B></FONT></DIV>
<P><FONT face=3D"verdana,geneva,arial,sans serif" size=3D-1>Perhaps it =
would be more=20
profitable to look deeper into the past. During the half-century of the =
cold=20
war, the United States undoubtedly subordinated principles as well as =
causes to=20
the overriding concern of defeating communism. The great upholder of =
laws at=20
home was happy to trash them abroad, whether invading Grenada or mining=20
Nicaraguan harbours. It propped up <I>caudillos</I> in Latin America, =
backed=20
tyrants in Africa and Asia, promoted coups in the Middle East. More =
recently, it=20
has been willing to kick invaders out of Kuwait, to strike at ruthless =
states=20
like Libya and Iraq and, moreover, to go on trying to contain them with=20
sanctions and, in Iraq's case, with almost incessant bombardment. Is it =
here=20
perhaps&#8212;especially in the Middle East&#8212;that America has gone =
wrong?</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"verdana,geneva,arial,sans serif" size=3D-1>No. <I>The =
Economist</I>=20
has not been an uncritical supporter of American policy in the Middle =
East. We=20
have been more ready to argue the Palestinian case than have recent=20
administrations and believe that the United States could sometimes have =
done=20
more to restrain Israel. We have also pointed out that the policy of =
sanctions=20
against Iraq, whatever its intention, in practice punishes innocent =
Iraqis and=20
thus allows Saddam Hussein to blame the West, notably America, for the =
deaths of=20
thousands of Iraqi children. Perhaps nothing does more to fuel =
anti-American=20
resentment in the Arab world. Such criticisms as we have made, however, =
in no=20
way imply that we think America was wrong to fight the Gulf war or to =
try to=20
disarm Saddam afterwards. It was also right to stand by Saudi Arabia as =
an ally,=20
however much that annoyed zealots. Similarly, whatever Israel's =
mistakes,=20
America can hardly be accused of having failed to try to bring it to a =
peace:=20
every administration of recent years has attempted to bring the two =
sides=20
together, and none has come closer than Bill Clinton's last =
year.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=3D"verdana,geneva,arial,sans serif" size=3D-1>America =
defends its=20
interests, sometimes skilfully, sometimes clumsily, just as other =
countries do.=20
Since power, like nature, abhors a vacuum, it steps into places where =
disorder=20
reigns. On the whole, it should do so more, not less, often. Of all the =
great=20
powers in history, it is probably the least territorial, the most =
idealistic.=20
Muslims in particular should note that the armed interventions in Bosnia =
and=20
Kosovo, both led by America, were attacks on Christian regimes in =
support of=20
Muslim victims. In neither did the United States stand to make any =
material=20
gain; in neither were its vital interests, conventionally defined, at =
stake.=20
Those who criticise America's leadership of the world's capitalist =
system&#8212;a far=20
from perfect affair&#8212;should remember that it has brought more =
wealth and better=20
living standards to more people than any other in history. And those who =
regret=20
America's triumph in the cold war should stop to think how the world =
would look=20
if the Soviet Union had won. America's policies may have earned it =
enemies. But=20
in truth, it is difficult to find plausible explanations for the =
virulence of=20
last week's attacks, except in the envy, hatred and moral confusion of =
those who=20
plotted and perpetrated them. </FONT></P><BR clear=3Dall><BR =
clear=3Dall>
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    <TD align=3Dmiddle><FONT color=3Dblack=20
      face=3D"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=3D-2>Copyright =
=A9 2001 The=20
      Economist Newspaper and The Economist Group. All rights=20
      reserved.<BR></FONT></TD></TR>
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